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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director 

Water-supply Paper 349 



PROFILE SURVEYS 



IN 



WILLAMETTE RIVER BASIN 
OREGON 

PREPAEED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF 

R. B. ^lARSKALL, Chief Geographer 



Prepared in cooperation wiih 
THE STATE OF OREGON 
John H. Lewis, State Engineer 




WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1914 



Glass 



Book_/J 




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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director 



Water-supply Paper 349 



PROFILE SURVEYS 



IN 



WILLAMETTE RIVER BASIN 
OREGON 




PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF 

R. B. MARSHALL, Chief Geographer 




WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1914 



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MAR 28 1915 



V 






CONTENTS. 



Page. 

General features of Willamette River basin 5 

Gaging stations 7 

Publications 8 



ILLUSTRATIONS. 



Plate I. A-G, Plan and profile of Middle Fork of Willamette River and 

tributaries in the vicinity of Oak Ridge, Oreg 

At end of volume. 
II. A-D, Plan and profile of Clackamas and Collawash rivers 

above Cazadero, Oreg At end of volume. 

III. A-E, Plan and profile of North Fork of Santiam River and 

tributaries above Lyons, Oreg At end of volume. 

49067° — W.SP 349 — 14 3 



Digitized by the Internet Archive 
in 2011 with funding from 
The Library of Congress 



http://www.archive.org/details/profilesurveysin01mars 



PROFILE SURVEYS IN WILLAMETTE RIVER BASIN, 

OREGON. 



Prepared under the direction of R. B. Marshall, Chief Geographer. 



GENERAL. FEATURES OF WILLAMETTE RIVER BASIN. 

Willamette River drains a trough-shaped area extending north 
and south between the Coast and Cascade ranges in Oregon. The 
area is roughly rectangular, approximately 140 miles in length and 
about 85 miles in width. The Willamette proper is formed by the 
junction of three main tributaries which unite in the vicinity of 
Eugene; these are the Middle Fork (considered the continuation of 
the main stream), the Coast Fork, and McKenzie River. The river 
is navigable for ocean-going vessels from the mouth to Portland, 
and for ordinary river steamboats from Portland to Corvallis, except 
during a few months of each year. From Corvallis to Eugene the 
river is navigable for light- draft boats during medium stages of the 
river. The falls of Willamette River at Oregon City are passed by 
a series of five locks, which are at present in private ownership. 

The other principal tributaries of Willamette River are Santiam, 
Molalla, and Clackamas rivers. From the Coast Range flow Long 
Tom, Marys, Luckiamute, Yamhill, and Tualatin rivers. The drain- 
age areas of this river and its principal tributaries are given below. 



Square miles. 

McKenzie River 1,040 

Santiam River 1,890 

Yamhill River 763 

Clackamas River 927 

Tualatin River 690 



Drainage areas in Willamette River hasin. 

Square miles. 

Willamette at mouth 11,150 

Willamette at Oregon City 10, 200 

Willamette at Salem 7,520 

Willamette at Albany 4, 860 

Coast Fork of Willamette 705 

Middle Fork of "Willamette 1, 450 

From the summit of the mountain ranges the slopes are steep, but 
they merge gradually into a wide alluvial valley or gently rolling 
agricultural lands. 

The entire drainage area may still be considered densely forested. 
The portions of the basin that contribute most to the flow of the 
streams are almost entirely within the boundaries of national for- 
ests, and privately owned timber lands extend from the boundaries 

5 



6 PROFILE SURVEYS IN WILLAMETTE RIVER BASIN, 

of the national forests to the main stream in the valley, except where 
lands have been cleared. 

Although records of precipitation at the summit of the Coast 
Range are meager, it is likely that the total annual rainfall is as much 
as 150 jnches. On the eastern slope of the Coast Range the annual 
precipitation decreases very rapidly to about 40 inches, but it gradu- 
ally increases again until at the summit of the Cascade Range it is 
approximately 100 inches. From north to south the same general 
variation is observed, although the differences are not so striking. 
At the mouth of the river the precipitation is approximately 50 
inches, in the vicinity of Corvallis about 40 inches, and at the summit 
of the Callapooya Mountains, which form the southern boundary of 
the drainage area, 55 or 60 inches. Except on the summits of the 
mountain ranges this precipitation is almost entirely rain, 95 per cent 
falling during nine months, from September to May. On the moun- 
tain ranges part of the precipitation is snow, and the country is sub- 
ject during the spring and fall to warm chinook winds, accompanied 
by rather sudden melting of these snows, which frequently cause con- 
siderable damage from floods. During the growing season, when the 
precipitation rarely exceeds 2 inches, the valley is practically arid. 
Although irrigation has not long been practiced in the valley, it is 
likely that before many years a large part of the agricultural bottom 
lands will be placed under irrigation. Small ditches and pumping 
plants have been constructed, and the returns from irrigated agri- 
cultural lands show an increase of 50 to 500 per cent in production 
over the nonirrigated lands. 

Lying almost wholly within a narrow strip adjacent to the main 
divide of the Cascades, where the soil and underlying rock is porous, 
similar to that in the basin of Deschutes River, on the east side of the 
range, are a number of lakes and marshes which afford favorable 
sites for storage reservoirs. As a result the streams flowing through 
the lakes and marshes experience no pronounced floods and are 
characterized by a large low-water flow. The effect of reservoirs on 
the Willamette would not be so marked as on more flashy streams, 
but their operation would greatly enhance the value of the river for 
irrigation, power, and navigation. 

The highest known flood in the Willamette Valley occurred Decem- 
ber, 1861, when the discharge at Albany was 220,000 cubic feet per 
second. The highest gage reading at Portland since that date was 
in 1894 but was due to backwater from Columbia River. The years 
1899 and 1907 were " wet years." The year 1905 was a comparatively 
dry year. The longest record of stream flow in this basin has been 
obtained by applying recent measurements made at Albany to records 
obtained by the United States Weather Bureau since 1895. 

The results of profile surveys in the Willamette River basin are set 
forth in Plates I to III (at end of volume). 



PKOPILE SURVEYS IN WILLAMETTE EIVEE BASIN. 7 

GAGING STATIONS. 

The Survey has maintained in the basin of the Willamette the 
gaging stations shown by the following list. The stations are 
arranged in downstream order, the main stem of the river being de- 
termined by measuring or estimating its drainage area — that is, the 
headwater stream draining the largest area is considered the con- 
tinuation of the main stream, and all stations from source to mouth 
are presented first ; stations on the tributaries, in regular order from 
source to mouth, follow. Relations of the tributaries are indicated 
by indention. A dash following a date indicates that the station was 
being maintained June 30, 1913. A period after a date indicates dis- 
continuance. 

Willamette River, Middle Fork (head of Willamette River), near Hazeldell, 

Oreg., 1911- 
Willamette River, Middle Fork, at Jasper, Oreg., 1905- 
Willamette River near Springfield, Oreg., 1911- 
Willamette River at Eugene, Oreg., 1911. 
Willamette River at Albany, Oreg., 1S95- 
Willamette River at Salem, Oreg., 1910- 
Willamette River at Oregon City, Oreg., 1909- 
Kelsey River near Hazeldell, Oreg., 1909. 

Willamette River, Kortli Fork of Middle Fork, near Hazeldell, Oreg., 1909- 
Fall Creek near Fall Creek, Oreg., 1912- 
Willamette River, Coast Fork, near Goshen, Oreg., 1905- 
Willamette River, East Fork of Coast Fork : 
Row River near Disston, Oreg., 1910- 
McKenzie River at outlet of Clear Lake, Oreg., 1911. 
McKeuzie River at McKenzie Bridge, Oreg., 1910- 
McKenzie River near Springfield, Oreg., 1905- 

Lost Creek near McKenzie Bridge, Oreg., 1911- 
Horse Creek near McKenzie Bridge, Oreg., 1911- 
Eugene power canal near Eugene, Oreg., 1911- 
Santiam River, North Fork (head of Santiam River), at Detroit, Oreg., 

1907-1910. 
Santiam River, North Fork, at Mehama, Oreg., 1905- 
Santiam River, North Fork, near Hoover, Oreg., 1911- 
Santiam River, North Fork, at Niagara, Oreg., 1911- 
Santiam River at Jefferson, Oreg., 1905- 

Santiam River, Marion Fork, at Marion Lake, near Hoover, Oreg., 

1907- 
Puzzle Creek, North Fork, near Hoover, Oreg., 1910- 
Puzzle Creek, South Fork, near Hoover, Oreg., 1910- 
Permelia Creek near Detroit, Oreg., 1907-1910. 
Whitewater Creek near Detroit, Oreg., 1907. 
Breitenbush Creek near Detroit, Oreg., 1910- 
Santiam River, South Fork, at Cascadia, Oreg., 1910- 
Santiam River, South Fork, at Waterloo, Oreg., 1905- 
Santiam River, South Fork, near Foster, Oreg., 1912- 

Santiam River, Middle Fork, near Foster, Oreg., 1912- 
Luckiamute River near Suver, Oreg., 1905-1910. 
Yamhill River, South Fork, at Sheridan, Oreg., 1906-1910, 



8 PKOFILE SUKVEYS IN WILLAMETTE EIVEE BASIN. 

Willamette River at Oregon City, Oreg. — Continued. 
Yamhill River at La Fayette, Oreg., 190S- 
Molalla River near Molalla, Oreg., 1905-1909. 
Clackamas River near Cazadero, Oreg., 1909-10. 

Evaporation station near Cazadero, Oreg., 1911- 

Clackamas River at Estacada, Oreg., 190S-1910. 

Clackamas River at Park Place, Oreg., 1912- 

Clackamas River near Barton, Oreg., 1905-1908. 

PUBLICATIONS. 

Information concerning stream flow at the stations listed in the 
preceding table has been published by the Survey in Water-Supply 
Papers 178, 214, 262, 272, 292, 312, 332,i and 362.^ 

Water-supply papers and other publications of the United States 
Geological Survey containing data in regard to the water resources 
of the United States may be obtained or consulted as indicated 
below. 

1. Copies may be obtained free of charge by applying to the 
Director of the Geological Survey, Washington, D. C, but the edition 
printed for free distribution is small and is soon exhausted. 

2. Copies may be purchased at nominal cost from the Superin- 
tendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, 
D. C, who will on application furnish lists giving prices. 

3. Sets of the reports may be consulted in the libraries of the prin- 
cipal cities in the United States. 

4. Complete sets are available for consultation in the local offices 
of the water-resources branch of the Geological Survey, as follows : 

Albany, N. Y., Room 18, Federal Building. 

Atlanta, Ga., Post OfHce Building. 

St. Paul, Minn., Old Capitol Building. 

Madison, Wis., Capitol Building. 

Helena, Mont., Montana National Bank Building. 

Denver, Colo., 302 Chamber of Commerce Building. 

Salt Lake City, Utah, Federal Building. 

Boise, Idaho, 615 Idaho Building. 

Portland, Oreg., 416 Couch Building. 

Tacoma, Wash., Federal Building. 

San Francisco, Cal., 328 Customhouse. 

Lo^ Angeles, Cal., Federal Building. 

Santa Fe, N. Mex., Capitol Building. 

Honolulu, Hawaii, Kapiolani Building. 

A list of the Geological Survey's publications will be sent on appli- 
cation to the Director of the United States Geological Survey, 
Washington, D. C. 

1 In preparation, 

o 



U S, SEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
GEORGE OTIS SMITH, DIRECTOR 

STATE OF OREGON 
JOHN H LEWIS, STATE ENGINEER 



PLAN AND PROFIL F OF 

MIDDLE FORK OF WILLAMETTE RIVeR ^ND TRIBUTARIES. 

IN THE VICINITY OF OAKRIDgE> OREGON 



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Tonography by S G Lunde and W. R, Cheno»r. 
Sur.eyed in 1913 




U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
GEORGE OTIS SMITH, DIRECTOR 

STATE OF OREGON 
JOHN H, LEWIS, STATE ENGINEER 



PLAN AND PROFILE OF 

MIDDLE FORK OF WILLAMETTE RiVER AND TRIBUTARIES, 
IN THE VICINITY OF OAKRIDGE. OREGON 



WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 349 PLATE I B 




R. B. Marshall, Chiel Geographer 
T. G Gerdine, Geographer in charge 
Topography by S, G. Lunde and W. R, Chenoweth 
Surveyed m 1913 






Contour interval on land 25 feet 
Contour interval on river surface " feet 

Datum is meat, im level ' 

1914 



U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
GEORGE OTIS SMITH, DIRECTOR 

STATE OF OREGON 
JOHN H. LEWIS, STATE ENGINEER 



PLAN AND PROFILE OF 

MIDDLE FORK OF WILLAMETTE RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES. 

IN THE VICINITY OF OAKRIDGE. OREGON 



WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 349 PLATE I C 




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Surveyed in 1913 

SURVEYED IN COOPERATION WITH THE STATE OF OREGON 



Scale "ar^gff 



Subject 10 adjustmen 



7 SHEETS 
(3 plans, 4 profiles) 




Contour interval on land 25 feet 
Contour interval on river surface 5 feet 

Datum is nwan *» leivl 

1914 



U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
GEORGE OTIS SMITH, DIRECTOR 

STATE OF OREGON 
JOHN H. LEWIS, STATE ENGINEER 



rUAN AND PROFILE OF 

MIDDLE FORK OF WILLAMETTE RIVeR AND TRIBUTARIES, 
IN THE VICINITY OF OAKRIDgE- OREGON 



WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 349 PLATE I D 




R. B. Marshall. Chiel Geogtapher 
T. G. Gerdine, Geographer in charg 
Topography by S, G. Lunde and W 
' eyed in 1913 



Vertical scale 1 inch = 40 feet 
1914 



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U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
GEORGE OTIS SMITH, DIRECTOR 

STATE OF OREGON 
JOHN H, LEWIS. STATE ENGINEER 



PLAN AND PROFILE OF 

MIDDLE FORK OF WILLAMETTE RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES. 
IN THE VICINITY OF OAKRIDGE, OREGON 



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R. B. Marshall, Chief Geographer 
T. G. Gerdine, Geographer in charge 
Topography by S. G. Lunde and W. R. Chenowelh 
Surveyed in 1913 

SURVEYEP IN COOPERATION WITH THE STATE 



Vertical scale 1 inch = 40 feet 

Datum in mean sea Uvet 

1914 



U^ S. GFOLOGICAL SURVEY 
GEORGE OTIS SMITH, DIRECTOR 

STATE OF OREGON 
JOHN H. LEWIS, STATE ENGINEER 



PLAN AND PROFILE OF 

MIDDLE FORK OF WILLAMETTE RIVeR AND TRIBUTARIES, 

IN THE VICINITY OF OAKRIDgE. OREGON 



WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 349 PLATE I F 




R B. Marshall, Chief Geographer 
'■ G. Gerdine, Geographer in charge 
Topography by S. G. Lunde and W. R. Chencmeth 
Surveyed in 1913 

SURVEYED 



Scale si!m 



Subjed to adjustment 



7 SHEETS 
(3 plans, 4 profiles) 



Vertical scale 1 inch = 40 feet 

Datum ia mean aea level 

1914 



U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
GEORGE OTIS SMITH, DIRECTOR 

STATE OF OREGON 
JOHN H. LEWIS, STATE ENGINEER 



PLAN AND PROFILE Of 

MIDDLE FORK OF WILLAMETTE RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES. 
IN THE VICINITY OF OAKRIDGE. OREGON 



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Vertical scale 1 inch = 40 feei 
Datum it mtan *n Uxmt ^i 



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U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
GEORGE OTIS SMITH. DIRECTOR 

STATE OF OREGON 
JOHN H. LEWIS, STATE ENGINEER 



PLAN AND PROFILE OF 

CLACKAMAS AND COLLAWASH RIVERS, 

ABOVE CAZADERO. OREGON 



WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 349 PLATE II A 



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Surveyed in 1913 

SURVEYED IN COOPERATION WITH THE STATE 



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4 SHEETS 
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Contoui' interval on land 25 feet 

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Datum is mtan sen Uott 

1914 



DECLINfcltON I 



U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
GEORGE OTIS SMITH, DIRECTOR 

STATE OF OREGON 
JOHN H. LEWIS. STATE ENGINEER 



PLAN AND PROFILE OF 

CLACKAMAS AND COLLAWASH RIVERS. 

ABOVE CAZADERO. OREGON 



WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 349 PLATE 




4 SHEETS 
(2 plans, 2 profiles) 



B. Marshall, Chief Geographer 
T. G. Gerdirie, Geographer in charge 
Topography by R. L. Harrison 

Surveyed m 1913 

SURVEYED 1 



Contour interval on land 25 feet 
Contour interval on river surface 5 feet 

Dolum 18 m«n Bea Uvel 

1914 



U. S, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
GEORGE OTIS SMITH, DIRECTOR 

STATE OF OREGON 
JOHN H. LEWIS, STATE ENGINEER 



PLAN AND PROFllF OF 

CLACKAMAS AND COLLAWASH RIVERS. 
ABOVE CAZADERO, OREGON 



WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 349 PLATE II C 




R. 8. Marshall, Chiel Geopapher 
T. G. Gerdine, Geographer in charge 
Topography by R. L H 
Surveyed in 19B 

aUHVEYEO IN COOPERATI 



4 SHEETS 
(2 plans, 2 profiles) 



Vertical scale 1 inch = 
Daium t8 m«m aea U 
1914 



U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
GEORGE OTIS SMITH, DIRECTOR 

STATE OF OREGON 
JOHN H LEWIS. STATE ENGINEER 



PLAN AND PROFILE OF 

:lackamas and collawash rivers, 
above cazadero, oregon 



WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 349 PLATE II D 




R. B, Marshi 

T G. Gerdim 

Topography 

Surveyed 



11, Chief Geographer 

Geographer in charge 
by R L, Harrrson 
n 1913 

I COOPERATION WITH TH 



4 SHEETS 
(2 plans. 2 profiles) 



Vertical scale 1 inch = 40 feet 

Uaium ig mean mi tmet 

1914 



U. S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
GEORGE OTIS SMITH. DIRECTOR 

STATE OF OREGON 
JOHN H. LEWIS, STATE ENGINEER 



PLAN AND PROFILE OF 

NORTH FORK OF SANTIAM RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES 

ABOVE LYONS, OREGON 



WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 349 PLATE III A 



FORK 




5 SHEETS 
(2 plans, 3 profiles) 



Contour interval on land 25 feet 

Contour interval on river surface 6 feet 

Datum is nuon j«a irotl 

1914 



APPROXIMATS MEAN 



U S^ GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

GEORGE OTIS SMITH. DIRECTOR 

STATE OF OREGON 

JOHN H. LEWIS, STATE, ENGINEER 



PLAN AND PROFILE OF 
NORTH FORK OF SANTIAM RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES 

ABOVE LYONS, OREGON 



WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 349 PLATE III 




R. B Marshall, Cliiel Geog'aphei 
T. G, Gerdme, Geographer in charge 
Topography by R. L. Harrison 
Surveyed m 1913 

SURVEYEr 



WITH THE STATE Of OREGON 



Contour interval on land 25 feet 
Contour interval on river surface 5 feet 

Datum in mean wo leivt 
1914 



OECLtNATrON 19IJ 



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U S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

GEORGE OTIS SMITH. DIRECTOR 

STATE OF OREGON 

JOHN H LEWIS. STATE ENGINEER 



PLAN AND PROFILE OF 

NORTH FORK OF SANTIAM RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES 
ABOVE LYONS, OREGON 



WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 349 PLATE III C 




f B. Marshall, Chiel Geographer 
T. G. Gerdine, Geographer in charge 
Topography by R. L. Harrison 
Surveyed in 1913 

SURVEYEO IN COOPERATION WITH TH 



Vertical scale I inch = 40 feet 

Datum is mean sea kivl 

1914 



U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
GEORGE OTIS SMITH. DIRECTOR 
• STATE OF OREGON 
JOHN H LEWIS. STATE ENGINEER 



PLAN AND PROFILE OF 

NORTH FORK OF SANTIAM RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES 

ABOVE LYONS, OREGON 



W-ATER-SUPPLY PAPER 349 PLATE 




5 SHEETS 
(2 plans, 3 piolilesi 



R B. Marshall, Cli.el Geogfaph 
T. G Gerdine, Gcogiaph. 
Topography by R. L. Hai 
Surveyed iri 1913 



4,000 



2,000 



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Kilometers 



Vertical scule 1 inch = 40 feet 

Onlum i» iirnin mi leril 
1SI14 



U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

GEORGE OTIS SMITH, DIRECTOR 

STATE OF OREGON 

JOHN H LEWIS. STATE ENGINEER 



PLAN AND PROFILE OF 

NORTH FORK OF SANTIAM RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES 
ABOVE LYONS, OREGON 



WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 349 PLATE III E 







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1913 




5 SHEETS 
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Vertical scale 1 inch' ^ 411 fef' 

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1914 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



019 953 672 2 



